Anyone who helped Romani was to be punished by doing forced labor for half a year. The edict encouraged local officials to hunt down Romani in their areas by levying a fine of 100 Reichsthaler on those who failed to do so. These mutilations enabled authorities to identify the individuals as Romani on their second arrest. In other parts of Austria, they would be branded on the back with a branding iron, representing the gallows. In 1710, Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor, issued an edict against the Romani, ordering "that all adult males were to be hanged without trial, whereas women and young males were to be flogged and banished forever." In addition, in the kingdom of Bohemia, Romani men were to have their right ears cut off in the March of Moravia, the left ear was to be cut off. In 1660, the Romani were prohibited from residing in France by King Louis XIV. For those who failed to adhere to a sedentary existence, the Privy council interpreted the act to permit the execution of non-complying Romani "as a warning to others". The act was amended with the Egyptians Act 1554, which directed that they abandon their "naughty, idle and ungodly life and company" and adopt a settled lifestyle. Failure to do so could result in confiscation of property, imprisonment and deportation. In England, the Egyptians Act 1530 passed by the Crown in Parliament banned Romani from entering the country and required those living in the country to leave within 16 days. The subsequent massive killing spree which took place across the empire later prompted the government to step in to "forbid the drowning of Romani women and children". In 1545, the Diet of Augsburg declared that "whosoever kills a Gypsy (Romani), will be guilty of no murder".
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The first anti-Romani legislation was issued in the March of Moravia in 1538, and three years later, Ferdinand I ordered that Romani in his realm be expelled after a series of fires in Prague. In this atmosphere, they were expelled from many locations and increasingly adopted a nomadic way of life. In Royal Hungary in the 16th century at the time of the Turkish occupation, the Crown developed strong anti-Romani policies, since these people were considered suspect as possible Turkish spies or as a fifth column. The origin of their name is allegedly linked to the ancient region of Dacia, a former kingdom and posteriorly a Roman province. Hugo claimed that traces of this group can be found in the penal laws passed by Spanish and English governments. They were also identified as the Comprachicos or Comprapequeños (meaning "boy-buyers") in Victor Hugo's The Man Who Laughs. The term used to be, along with gitanos, a Spanish name for Roma. The Dacianos are cited to have inhabited parts of Spain for several hundred years.
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They are also referred to as a criminal society that lasted until the 18th century, maiming children so they could be sold as professional beggars. They purportedly specialised in child-stealing and the manufacture of human freaks. The Dacianos formed the mythical group of European wanderers, said to be a caste of the Romani. As the Ottoman Empire expanded, it relegated the Romani, who were seen as having "no visible permanent professional affiliation", to the lowest rung of the social ladder. īy the 16th century, many Romani who lived in Eastern and Central Europe worked as musicians, metal craftsmen, and soldiers. In these countries, extensive legislation that divided the Roma into different groups, according to their tasks as slaves, was passed.
The enslavement of the Roma, mostly taken as prisoners of war, in the Danubian Principalities is first documented in the late 15th century. who are satanically inspired and pretend to predict the unknown". In the early 13th-century Byzantine records, the Atsínganoi are mentioned as " wizards.
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